PATHOLOGIES
LIVER CANCER
Liver cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the liver, a vital organ responsible for detoxification, metabolism, and bile production. The most common form of primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which begins in the main liver cells called hepatocytes. Other less common types include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) and angiosarcoma (a rare cancer in the liver’s blood vessels).
LIVER CANCER
Risk factors for liver cancer include chronic hepatitis B or C infections, cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and exposure to aflatoxins (toxins from moldy foods). Symptoms often do not appear until the disease is in advanced stages, making early detection challenging. Common symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain or swelling, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite.
Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs, along with blood tests to check liver function and detect tumor markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). A biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and the patient’s overall health. These may include surgical removal of the tumor, liver transplantation, ablation therapy, targeted drug therapies, and immunotherapy. Early detection offers the best chance for successful treatment, while advanced stages often require palliative care to manage symptoms.
Preventive measures include vaccination against hepatitis B, managing chronic liver diseases, reducing alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight. Regular screenings for high-risk individuals can help detect liver cancer early, significantly improving outcomes.
