PATHOLOGIES
TESTICULAR CANCER
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the testicles, the male reproductive glands located in the scrotum. These glands produce sperm and hormones like testosterone. Though relatively rare, testicular cancer is the most common cancer in males aged 15 to 35, but it can occur at any age. Most cases are highly treatable, even when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
TESTICULAR CANCER
There are two main types of testicular cancer: seminomas, which grow slowly and respond well to treatment, and non-seminomas, which are more aggressive but still curable with modern therapies. Risk factors include a family history of testicular cancer, a history of undescended testicles (cryptorchidism), and certain genetic conditions.
Symptoms typically include a painless lump or swelling in one testicle, a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, or a dull ache in the abdomen or groin. In some cases, the cancer may cause breast tenderness or enlargement due to hormone changes. These signs should prompt immediate medical evaluation.
Diagnosis involves a physical exam, ultrasound of the testicles, and blood tests to detect tumor markers like AFP, HCG, and LDH. A biopsy may not be performed if imaging confirms cancer, as surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchiectomy) is both diagnostic and therapeutic.
Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Regular follow-ups are crucial to monitor for recurrence. Early detection through self-exams is key to successful treatment, as testicular cancer has a high survival rate when diagnosed early. Awareness and prompt medical attention are vital for positive outcomes.
