PATHOLOGIES
BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops when abnormal cells in the breast tissue grow uncontrollably, forming a malignant tumor. It is one of the most common cancers globally, affecting both women and men, although it is significantly more prevalent in women. Most breast cancers originate in the ducts (ductal carcinoma) or lobules (lobular carcinoma) of the breast.
BREAST CANCER
Risk factors for breast cancer include genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2), a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, age, hormone replacement therapy, obesity, alcohol consumption, and exposure to radiation. Symptoms often include a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in the size or shape of the breast, skin dimpling, nipple inversion, and discharge. Inflammatory breast cancer, a rare but aggressive form, may cause redness and swelling without a distinct lump.
Diagnosis involves several methods, including mammograms, ultrasounds, MRIs, and biopsies to analyze suspicious tissue. Tumor markers and genetic testing may also be used to tailor treatment.
Treatment varies based on the type, stage, and hormone receptor status of the cancer. Options include surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies. Advances in immunotherapy are also showing promise in certain cases.
Early detection through regular screenings, such as mammograms and self-examinations, greatly improves survival rates. Lifestyle changes, including maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and limiting alcohol intake, can help reduce the risk. Research continues to advance treatment options, offering hope for better outcomes and improved quality of life for breast cancer
