PATHOLOGIES
MELANOMA
Melanoma is a serious and aggressive form of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Although melanoma can develop anywhere on the body, it commonly appears in areas exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as the face, arms, and legs. In some cases, melanoma can also occur in less exposed regions, like the soles of the feet or under nails.
MELANOMA
The primary risk factor for melanoma is excessive exposure to UV rays from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include having fair skin, a history of severe sunburns, numerous or atypical moles, a family history of melanoma, and a weakened immune system. Melanoma often presents as a new mole or changes in an existing mole, characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, uneven coloring, a large diameter (over 6 mm), or evolving features (ABCDE rule).
Diagnosis involves a physical examination and, if necessary, a biopsy of the suspicious area to confirm the presence of melanoma. Further imaging or blood tests may be conducted to determine if the cancer has spread.
Treatment options depend on the stage of the melanoma. Early-stage melanomas are typically treated with surgical removal, while advanced stages may require immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation, or chemotherapy. Early detection is critical, as melanoma is highly treatable in its early stages but can spread rapidly to other organs if left untreated.
Preventive measures include using broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, avoiding peak sun hours, and regularly checking skin for new or changing moles. Routine dermatologist visits and self-examinations are essential for reducing the risk of late-stage melanoma. Public awareness and vigilance remain key to combating this serious skin cancer.
