PATHOLOGIES
STABLE ANGINA
Stable angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, a condition known as myocardial ischemia. It is often a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), where plaque buildup in the arteries narrows them, limiting blood flow. Stable angina is predictable and typically occurs during physical activity, stress, or other situations that increase the heart’s demand for oxygen. It is called “stable” because it follows a consistent pattern and usually resolves with rest or medication.
STABLE ANGINA
The most common symptom is a feeling of pressure, heaviness, or tightness in the chest, which may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulders, or back. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, fatigue, or nausea. These symptoms are temporary and usually last a few minutes, resolving when the triggering activity stops or with the use of nitroglycerin.
Diagnosis involves a review of symptoms, medical history, and risk factors such as smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, or a family history of heart disease. Diagnostic tests may include an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, echocardiogram, or coronary angiography to assess the extent of CAD.
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, improving heart function, and preventing complications like heart attacks. Medications such as nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or antiplatelet drugs are often prescribed. Lifestyle changes, including a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and quitting smoking, are crucial. In severe cases, procedures like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be recommended.
Stable angina is manageable with proper care, but it requires regular monitoring to prevent progression to more severe conditions, such as unstable angina or a heart attack.
