PATHOLOGIES
Coronary Microvascular Disease (MVD)
Coronary Microvascular Disease (MVD) is a condition that affects the small blood vessels in the heart, known as the coronary microvasculature. Unlike coronary artery disease (CAD), which involves blockages in the larger coronary arteries, MVD is characterized by damage or dysfunction in the tiny blood vessels that branch off these arteries. This dysfunction impairs blood flow to the heart muscle, causing symptoms similar to angina, despite the absence of significant blockages in larger arteries.
Coronary Microvascular Disease (MVD)
The exact cause of MVD is not fully understood, but risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Hormonal changes, particularly in postmenopausal women, also increase the risk, making MVD more common in women than men.
Symptoms of MVD may include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance. Unlike stable angina in CAD, these symptoms can occur unpredictably, even at rest, and may not respond to typical angina treatments like nitroglycerin.
Diagnosing MVD is challenging because conventional tests, such as coronary angiography, often appear normal. Specialized tests, such as coronary flow reserve measurement or imaging studies using advanced techniques, are required to evaluate microvascular function.
Treatment focuses on improving blood flow and managing risk factors. Medications may include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins. Lifestyle changes, such as a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and quitting smoking, are essential.
Coronary MVD is a serious condition that requires careful management. While it is less recognized than CAD, early detection and a comprehensive treatment plan can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of complications.
