PATHOLOGIES
lacunar stroke
A lacunar stroke is a type of ischemic stroke that occurs when blood flow to one of the brain’s small, deep arteries is blocked. These arteries supply blood to critical areas of the brain, such as the basal ganglia, thalamus, or brainstem. Lacunar strokes are small in size but can have significant effects on neurological function, depending on the location and severity of the blockage. They account for approximately 20–25% of all ischemic strokes and are often associated with chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes.
lacunar stroke
Lacunar strokes are typically caused by atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque buildup in the walls of blood vessels leads to narrowing and blockage. Other causes include small blood clots that lodge in these tiny arteries. Risk factors include hypertension (the most common), diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, and advancing age.
Symptoms of a lacunar stroke depend on the specific brain region affected. Common signs include weakness or numbness on one side of the body (face, arm, or leg), difficulty speaking or understanding speech, clumsiness, and loss of coordination. Unlike larger strokes, lacunar strokes usually do not cause symptoms like confusion or vision problems.
Diagnosis involves imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans to detect the small areas of brain damage. Additional tests, like blood tests or echocardiograms, may be used to identify underlying risk factors.
Treatment focuses on restoring and maintaining blood flow, often involving antiplatelet medications like aspirin or anticoagulants. Managing risk factors through blood pressure control, diabetes management, and lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy diet is critical in preventing recurrence. Early detection and intervention are key to minimizing complications and improving outcomes.
