PATHOLOGIES
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a serious medical condition in which the body’s blood clotting mechanisms are overactivated, leading to the formation of small clots throughout the bloodstream. These clots can obstruct blood flow to organs, causing tissue damage and organ dysfunction. At the same time, the excessive clotting uses up platelets and clotting factors, increasing the risk of severe bleeding, even from minor injuries. DIC is often a complication of an underlying condition rather than a disease itself.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
DIC can be triggered by various medical conditions, including severe infections (sepsis), trauma, cancer, pregnancy complications (e.g., placental abruption or amniotic fluid embolism), severe allergic reactions, or extensive burns. It can occur suddenly (acute DIC) or develop gradually (chronic DIC) depending on the underlying cause.
Symptoms of DIC vary based on its progression. In the acute form, symptoms may include uncontrolled bleeding from wounds, IV sites, or mucous membranes, bruising, low blood pressure, and signs of organ failure, such as shortness of breath or confusion. Chronic DIC may present as mild clotting disorders or recurrent blood clots.
Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure platelet count, clotting factors, fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer levels, which help confirm the presence of excessive clotting and bleeding.
Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause while managing the complications of DIC. This may involve blood transfusions, clotting factor replacement, or anticoagulants to control clot formation. Supportive care, such as oxygen therapy or medication to support blood pressure, is also often necessary.
DIC is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment of both the underlying cause and the coagulation disorder are critical for improving outcomes.
