PATHOLOGIES
Aortic Aneurysm
An aortic aneurysm is a bulging or weakening in the wall of the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Over time, the weakened area may expand and pose a risk of rupture or dissection (a tear in the aorta’s inner layer), both of which can lead to life-threatening complications. Aortic aneurysms are classified into two main types: abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), occurring in the part of the aorta that passes through the abdomen, and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs), located in the chest area.
Aortic Aneurysm
Risk factors for aortic aneurysms include high blood pressure, smoking, advanced age, atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in arteries), genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and a family history of aneurysms. Men and individuals over 65 are particularly at risk.
Symptoms depend on the size and location of the aneurysm. Small aneurysms may not cause symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during imaging tests. Larger aneurysms may cause abdominal or back pain, a pulsating sensation in the abdomen, or chest pain. A ruptured aneurysm can cause sudden, severe pain, rapid heartbeat, fainting, and internal bleeding, requiring immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis involves imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRIs to assess the size, location, and risk of rupture.
Treatment options vary based on the aneurysm’s size and risk factors. Smaller aneurysms may be managed with regular monitoring and lifestyle changes to reduce risk, such as controlling blood pressure and quitting smoking. Larger or high-risk aneurysms may require surgical repair, including open surgery or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Early detection is critical to preventing complications and improving outcomes.
