PATHOLOGIES
Cryptogenic Stroke
A cryptogenic stroke is a type of stroke for which no clear or identifiable cause can be determined after thorough diagnostic testing. Cryptogenic strokes are most often ischemic, resulting from a blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain. They account for approximately 25–30% of all ischemic strokes. The term “cryptogenic” highlights the challenge in pinpointing a specific reason for the event, even after standard evaluations such as imaging, blood tests, and heart monitoring.
Cryptogenic Stroke
Potential underlying causes of cryptogenic stroke include undetected atrial fibrillation (AFib), patent foramen ovale (PFO, a small hole in the heart present in some individuals), clotting disorders, or atherosclerosis in areas not easily detected by routine scans. Despite the absence of a clear cause, cryptogenic strokes share similar risk factors with other stroke types, including high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.
Symptoms of a cryptogenic stroke mirror those of other strokes and may include sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, dizziness, and loss of balance or coordination.
Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs, vascular imaging to assess blood flow, and extended cardiac monitoring to detect hidden irregularities such as AFib. Blood tests may also be performed to identify clotting disorders.
Treatment focuses on reducing the risk of recurrence. Antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin) or anticoagulants may be prescribed, along with lifestyle changes to manage risk factors. In cases involving a PFO, closure through minimally invasive procedures may be considered.
Continued research and advanced diagnostic tools are improving the ability to uncover hidden causes, ensuring more precise and effective treatment strategies for cryptogenic strokes.
