Ischemic Strokes

There are two main types of ischemic strokes: thrombotic stroke, caused by a blood clot (thrombus) forming in one of the brain’s arteries, and embolic stroke, which occurs when a clot or debris forms in another part of the body, such as the heart, and travels to the brain. A transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a mini-stroke, is a temporary blockage that resolves without causing permanent damage but serves as a warning for future strokes.

Risk factors for ischemic strokes include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and a sedentary lifestyle. Symptoms typically include sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, dizziness, loss of balance, and a severe headache. Recognizing these symptoms quickly using the FAST acronym (Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, Time to call emergency services) is critical for timely intervention.

Treatment aims to restore blood flow to the brain and prevent further damage. Immediate options include clot-dissolving medications like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or mechanical thrombectomy to remove the clot. Long-term management focuses on preventing recurrence through lifestyle changes, medications like antiplatelets or anticoagulants, and managing underlying conditions such as hypertension or atrial fibrillation.

Early recognition and rapid treatment significantly improve survival rates and outcomes for ischemic stroke patients.