PATHOLOGIES
LYMPHOMA
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, a critical part of the body’s immune system responsible for fighting infections and maintaining fluid balance. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. Lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, grow uncontrollably, forming tumors in the lymph nodes or other parts of the lymphatic system. There are two primary types of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with the latter being more common.
LYMPHOMA
Risk factors for lymphoma include a weakened immune system, autoimmune diseases, certain viral infections (like Epstein-Barr virus or HIV), age, and family history. Symptoms may include painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin, persistent fatigue, fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and itching. These symptoms often overlap with less serious conditions, making early diagnosis challenging.
Diagnosis involves a physical exam, imaging tests (CT, PET, or MRI scans), blood tests, and a biopsy of the affected lymph node. Advanced tests may include bone marrow examination to determine the extent of the disease.
Treatment options depend on the type and stage of lymphoma and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or stem cell transplantation. Hodgkin lymphoma generally has a higher cure rate, while non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment outcomes vary based on subtype and stage.
Early detection and advancements in treatments have significantly improved survival rates. Maintaining a healthy immune system through a balanced lifestyle and regular medical check-ups can aid in early identification and management of lymphoma. Research continues to develop more effective and personalized therapies for this complex disease.
