PATHOLOGIES
PROSTATE CANCER
Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland, a small, walnut-shaped organ in the male reproductive system located below the bladder. The prostate produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm. Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. It is one of the most common cancers in men, particularly those over the age of 50, and often progresses slowly.
PROSTATE CANCER
Risk factors include age, family history of prostate or breast cancer, and certain genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. African American men are also at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. Early-stage prostate cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms, but as the disease progresses, men may experience difficulty urinating, a weak or interrupted urine flow, blood in the urine or semen, and discomfort in the pelvic area.
Diagnosis typically involves a digital rectal exam (DRE) and a blood test to measure prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. If abnormalities are detected, imaging tests such as MRI or ultrasound and a biopsy may confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options depend on the cancer’s stage and aggressiveness. For slow-growing cases, active surveillance may be recommended. Other treatments include surgery (prostatectomy), radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and, in advanced cases, immunotherapy or targeted therapy.
Regular PSA screenings and early detection improve the chances of successful treatment. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables and regular exercise, may help lower the risk of developing prostate cancer and promote overall well-being.
