PATHOLOGIES
Struvite stones
Struvite stones are a type of kidney stone that form in response to urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly those caused by bacteria that produce ammonia. These stones are composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate and can grow rapidly, sometimes forming large, branched stones that fill the kidney’s collecting system (staghorn calculi). Struvite stones are more common in women due to their higher prevalence of UTIs.
Struvite stones
Symptoms include persistent UTIs, flank pain, fever, chills, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and blood in the urine. Left untreated, these stones can lead to kidney damage or sepsis.
Diagnosis involves imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans to detect the stones and urine cultures to identify the causative bacteria.
Treatment focuses on removing the stones and addressing the underlying infection. Antibiotics are used to eliminate the bacteria, and surgical intervention is often necessary to remove the stones, especially if they are large. Procedures like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) are commonly employed.
Preventing struvite stones involves preventing UTIs through good hygiene, adequate hydration, and, in some cases, long-term antibiotics for those prone to recurrent infections. Timely treatment of urinary infections is essential to reduce the risk of struvite stone formation.
