PATHOLOGIES
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
A transient ischemic attack (TIA), often called a “mini-stroke,” occurs when there is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. Unlike a full stroke, the blockage in a TIA resolves on its own within minutes to hours, and no permanent brain damage occurs. However, a TIA is a serious warning sign of an increased risk of a future stroke, particularly within the first few days or weeks after the event.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
TIAs are caused by the same factors that lead to ischemic strokes, including blood clots, fatty deposits (atherosclerosis) in arteries, or debris traveling from the heart or other blood vessels to the brain. Common risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and a family history of stroke.
Symptoms of a TIA are similar to those of a stroke and occur suddenly. They may include weakness or numbness, often on one side of the body; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision changes in one or both eyes; dizziness or loss of balance; and confusion. These symptoms typically last a few minutes to an hour and resolve completely.
Diagnosis involves a detailed medical history and physical examination, as well as tests such as a CT or MRI scan, carotid ultrasound, and blood tests to identify the underlying cause.
Treatment focuses on preventing a full stroke and managing risk factors. This may include antiplatelet medications (e.g., aspirin), anticoagulants, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, and quitting smoking. In some cases, surgical interventions, such as carotid endarterectomy or stenting, may be needed to restore blood flow.
Early medical evaluation and intervention after a TIA are crucial to reducing the risk of a future, more severe stroke.
